Effectively using BAF technology in cold climates for high level nitrogen, TSS reduction

The experience with the operation of Plants A, B, and C supports the conclusion that BAF is an excellent technology for upgrading existing CAS systems, to either maintain nitrification at higher flow rates/loads or upgrade a CAS plant to meet new nitrification or total nitrogen removal requirements. 

Ultra-low substrate concentrations could be achieved in biofilm BAF systems and the performance of the system is highly consistent regardless of water temperature. Undoubtedly, BAF technology has demonstrated that extremely low effluent concentrations of NH3-N (less than 0.5 mg/L), NOx-N (less than 0.5 mg/L) and TSS (less than 10 mg/L) can be consistently achieved at very short SRTs in cold climates (less than 10°C). Finally, the results show that biological active filter technology is capable of achieving extremely low TSS concentrations with short hydraulic retention times.